Tuesday, 12 February 2013

Music Industry Case Study: Making Money

We've focused on how the music industry is a money-making business so far, and this would be a good time for you to do some of your own further research into how artists and record labels make money in an ever-changing media landscape. You're going to prove you've done some research by commenting.

You need to have some awareness of the many institutions involved in the production and sale of music, so familiarise yourself with the diagram:

More info here: http://www.planetoftunes.com/industry/industry_structure.htm

We found out about some technical stuff like the difference between mechanical, performance and artist royalties and the agencies who collect the money (in the UK the PRS). We also found out that the UK industry is dominated by the 'big four' record labels - Sony, Universal, Warner and EMI. However, with Universal and Sony having been given permission to buy up many of the assets of EMI, we now have a 'big three'. This concentration of ownership is seen by many as stifling creativity and making it harder for new acts to break out.

Then we looked at the platforms used by the business. The first thing we noticed was that the broadcast and E-media platforms are merging - increasingly we want our computers to also be TVs and radios, but at the same time we are expecting our TVs to function like computers and new 'Smart' TVs make this possible. As we learned at the o2, our mobile phones are also expected to function in multiple ways. The posh media term for this way in which devices are expected to do more and more is convergence. Eventually, will individual gadgets become extinct? Will we just use one piece of equipment for every media need? Convergence affects the music industry because it changes the way we access music, so it needs to be considered in any money-making plan for any artist.

Secondly, we decided that the E-media platform offers the greatest range of ways to listen to, watch or read about musical artists. This is something else which throws up money-making challenges for the industry. On a positive note, it makes it easy and free to promote your music, and cuts down the need for a huge team of people needed to help an artist succeed. However it could potentially make it harder to make money once you achieve success. We said that the main ways music would be accessed online would be:

  • iTunes downloads - but as an artist, you will only receive 9-10p per 99p download, and initially this will go into paying off the money the label invested in you.
  • Illegal downloads - as an artist you won't make any money from this, unless the downloader likes your single and decides to pay to download the album or pay for a concert ticket.
  • Streaming - via sites like Spotify. However, your royalties will only be minimal and only payable if the song is listened to all the way through. The infographic below estimates how many streams you would need to make the US monthly minimum wage. You might have to zoom in or view its original source.

Image from:
http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2010/how-much-do-music-artists-earn-online/

We looked at the good and bad side of music piracy, summed up here.

However you look at it, it's clear that any artists who relies on iTunes downloads to make money is going to struggle.  We came up with some other money-making ideas, from merchandise sales (remember how Darren told us that Glee made more money from merchandise sales at the o2 than ticket sales?) to use of sites like Kickstarter to raise sponsorship. Add to that fragrances, clothing lines and gig ticket sales, and you could still make millions. The article from Rolling Stone is here if you're interested. It points out that the best money-making method will depend upon your target audience and genre. One Direction fans come to gigs with parents, parents have credit cards and an inability to say no, therefore having lots of 1D-emblazoned pencil cases/mugs/calendars/hot water bottle covers  on sale after the gig = winner.

So, to survive, artists need to be innovative and keep up with technology - this will bring us on neatly to our next topic, music and technology. For now, to conclude this topic, I want you to find out about a creative way an artist has made money or promoted their products, and post what you've found out in the comment box. Everyone needs something different.

5 comments:

  1. Someone one of my friends knows creates music. He was born into a very wealthy family and as his Dad also creates music, they are fortunate enough to own their very own recording studio in their house.

    Even though he was born into a very rich famiy, they don't spoil him. They let him have use of the recording studio but they don't give him money if he wishes to promote his music with it, or pay to perform at a gig. So he decided, with the permision of his parents, to rent out his Dad's music studio to people he knew who weren't as lucky to own a music studio. He made quite a lot of money from renting this studio out, and therefore could afford to pay to rent places out for gigs. I think this is a very good idea and has worked out well for him, as he now plays gigs regually.

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  2. To promote his new video for " beauty and a beat" Justin Bieber set up a fake twitter account and posed as a "stranger" who had stolen Justins camera and was threatening to post the personal footage. The twitter arguments between Justin's real account and the fake account went viral and were trending worldwide. The fake account told all fans to be online at a certain time to view the stolen footage he was going to post. The footage turned out to be the music video meaning it has thousands of viewers waiting to watch in hope of seeing a scandal. The hoax worked through the power of social networking and was an innovative way to promote the video and get thousands of viewers. http://hollywoodlife.com/2012/10/12/justin-bieber-leaked-footage-stolen-computer

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  3. http://susiebeckmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/creative-ways-of-promoting-everything.html

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  4. Jessica Platts

    Beyonce and Pepsi - Beyonce has signed a 50 million dollar deal with Pepsi co-operation. This allows Pepsi to use an image of her face on their cans.

    Rebecca Midgley

    Esmee Denters - started her music career by covering songs by Justin Timberlake and Natasha Beddingfield on YouTube, in 2008 she was discovered and signed by Justin Timberlake's label Tennman Records. Esmee has a verified Twitter account, a Facebook page, a Tumblr, a YouTube channel and an official website.

    These are edited versions of the research they did.

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  5. Miley Cyrus promoted herself and her music through a TV show and merchandise. She had her own TV show called Hannah Montana and wrote, produced and played her own songs through that show. People could then look up the songs she sang on her TV show and find the music she had produced as Miley Cyrus. She sold merchandise with her face all over it relating to Hannah Montana with products such as dolls that sang clips of her songs. She also then went into the film industry.

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